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472 - Application
of Non-Thermal Discharge Plasma for Flue Gas Cleaning
Akira Mizuno, Kazuo Shimizu,
Katushiro Kinoshita, Kenya Yanagihara,
Kazuhiko Tsunoda, H. H.Kim, and Shinji Katsura
Department ofEcological Engineering, Toyohashi University of
Technology
Tempaku-cho, Toyohashi, Aichi, 441, Japan
Abstract
The paper reports the results of the experimental study on
polluted gas treatment using the non-thermal plasma technique.
Studies were conducted using the dry-type plasma reactor and
the wet-type plasma reactor to evaluate DeNOx efficiency.
The reactor geometry was coaxial with an inner discharge
electrode and an outer ground electrode wrapped around an insulating
glass tube. In the
wet-type reactors, water was used as absorbents.
The results indicate that the wet-type reactor performed
better than the dry-type reactor in the removal of NOx.
Energy efficiency of the wet type reactor was around 50 J/g,
and was feasible to be used for flue gas cleaning of small or medium
size diesel power generation system.
In addition, the effect of catalysts installed in the
non-thermal plasma was investigated.
It was found that N2O could be removed effectively when
Ca(OH)2 was used in the pulsed discharge.
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479
- Non-Thermal Plasma Processing for Air Cleaning
Tetsuji ODA, Ryuichi
YAMASHITA, Tomohide KATO and Tadashu TAKAHASID
Dept. of Electr.Eng., the University of Tokyo
7-3-1 Hongo, Bunyo-ku, Tokyo 113 JAPAN
Abstract
No Abstract Available
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485 - Decomposition
of Methylmercaptan by Non Thermal Plasma
Kiss, E., Nifuku, Mt
, Brendel, M., Horvath, M., Haj6s, G.
Dunaujvaros Polytechnic of Miskolc University,
Dunaujvaros, Hungary
'National Institute for Resources and Environment,
Tsukuba,Japan
Abstract
It is well known that the non-thermal plasma technologies are
having a considerable potential in decomposing air pollutants, such
as NOx, SOx, ozone layer depleting gases, VOC-s and other.
It is also well known that in certain paper
pulp making technologies, especially in processes based on straw, a
rather high concentration of Methylmercaptan is generated, which is
a hazardous pollutant for human health.
It can be especially dangerous for children even at low or
trace concentration if it inhaled regularly.
To investigate the effect of non-thermal plasma
on the Methylmercaptan electrostatic precipitator having a fast
rising pulse energization has been used.
A pulse with variable rise and width were used.
The rise was varied between 20 and 500 nsec, the width was
between 70 and 1500 nsec. The
pulse peak voltage was changeable up to -40kV.
The repetition frequency was between 10Hz and 1 kHz.
The initial concentration of the
Methylmercaptan was around 1%V.
The carrier gases were nitrogen, helium and argon.
In some experiments oxygen was also added to the mixture up
to 22% on volume base. The
flow rate was varied from 1 1/min to 10 1/min.
The concentration of the Methylmercaptan was
measured by using gaschromatography.
The result of the investigation was that about 90% removal
could be achieved. The
change in the rise time did not effect the removal efficiency, but
the length of the pulse was an important factor in that.
The shorter pulse resulted higher efficiency.
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490 - Removal of the Ozone Layer Depleting Gases
Using Non-Thermal Plasma Technology
Kiss, E., Nagy M., Hajos
G., Brendel M.
Dunaujvaros Polytechnic of Miskolc University,
Dunaujvaros, H2401 Hungary
bstract
It is well known that the ozone layer is seriously attracted by
certain gases emitted by both the nature, and with increasing
importance, by the human activity.
It is also known that the non-thermal plasma technology is a
powerful tool to abate hazardous pollutants in flue and exhaust
gases. It has been
proved in the literature by Masuda, Oda and others that with surface
discharge type ozonizers the ozone layer depleting gases can be
eliminated or abated. In
this investigation the freons and carbon tetrachloride were treated
with surface and volume discharge.
For the surface discharge type reactor a
cylindrical type ozoniser was used with internal diameter of 10, 20
and 30mm and with active electrode length of 0.6, 1 and 5m.
The applied voltage was varied between 5 and 12 kV
peak-to-peak sinusoidal. The
frequency was changed in the interval of 0.05-10kHz.
Pulse energized cylindrical electrostatic
precipitator was used as a volume discharge type reactor.
The diameter of the discharge electrode wire was 0.2 mm, the
internal diameter of the round electrode cylinder was 45 mm.
The applied voltage was between 5 kV and 40 kV peak.
The repetition frequency was varied in the 10-500 Hz
interval.
The width of the pulse could be changed from 50
nsec to 1500 nsec. The
rise was variable in the 20-500 nsec intervals.
The input gases were Freon 12 and 22 in pure or mixed with
dry and moist air. The
concentration was varied between 1000 ppm and 100%.
The chemical analyses were made by gas-chromatography.
The results show that the abatement and
decomposition of freons can be achieved.
At lower concentrations the decomposition is more difficult.
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495
- Optimizing Pulse
Corona
Characteristics for Removal of SO2 by Pulse
Corona
from Simulated Flue Gas
Zhu Ylmln Wang Rongyi Wang Nlnghul Zhang Vanbln Wu Yan
Institute of Electrostatics & Specific Power
Dallan Unlventty of Technology ,Dallan,11602J,P.R.Cblna
Abstract
This paper researched the optimization of pulse corona
characteristics for removal of SO2 by pulse corona from
simulated flue gas of 4-16Nm3/h.
The discharge circuit of generator was investigated.
Moreover, some compositions of gas being processed were
regulated. By measuring
pulse waveforms and analyzing chemical compositions of byproducts,
energy yield and removal efficiency were discussed in detail.
The optimization in this system has been realized
successfully. At the
same time, a succinct criterion about whether the energy yields is
high or low has been provided. Finally,
the energy yield is raised effectively.
With an initial concentration of 1500-2000 ppm of SO2
between 0.8 1, the results show that up to 65%-85% of SO2 is
removed at a power consumption rate of 4Wh/Nm3.
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500
- VOC Removal by Plasma Cathalysis
M. Real ~ A. Dono>, V. Gabelica'
Abstract
Pulse corona plasma-induced processing was applied to decompose
volatile organic compounds (VOCs) at low concentrations in
atmospheric pressure gas mixture.
Halogenated molecules such as dichloromethane and
trichloroethylene were treated and the dependence of their rate of
decomposition on their initial concentration, on the relative oxygen
content of the gas and on the humidity was studied.
FT-IR, GC-MS and MS analysis allowed us to identify some of
the products of the corona discharge were identified.
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505
- Decomposition of Hydrocarbons by Back Corona Discharges
A. Jaworek, A. Krupa, T. Czech
Institute ofFluid Flow Machinery, Polish Academy ofSciences 80-952
Gdansk. P.O.Box 621, POLAND
Abstract
Back-corona discharge has been successfully applied for
decomposition of hydrocarbons. Back-corona
discharge is generated in a needle-to-plate reactor, with a
corona-counter electrode covered with a perforated mica plate.
The results of laboratory experiments show that the
back-corona discharge can be more efficient in decomposition of
hydrocarbons than positive dc streamer corona discharges.
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511
Back-Corona Generated Plasma for Decomposition of NO2
in Oxygen-Free N2:NO2 Gas Mixture
A.Krupa, A. Jaworek, T. Czech
Institute ofFluid Flow Machinery, Polish Academy ofSciences 80-952
Gdansk, P.0. Box 621, POLAND
Abstract
Back-corona discharge has been tested as a plasma source for
conversion of NO2 in the oxygen-free gas mixture of N2:NO2.
The results of laboratory experiments on the conversion of NO2
show that the back-corona discharge can be efficiently used in De-NOx
processes, similarly to a dc or pulsed streamer corona discharge.
However, the back-corona discharge produces less NO, and is,
especially the positive one, more efficient energetically in the
decomposition of NOx.
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517
No removal by Pulsed Corona Discharge in ESP with Irrigated
Plate
M. Rea, T. Czech*, M. Dors*, J. Mizeraczyk*
and A. Cortiana
Universita' degli Studi di Padova, Dipartimento di Ingegneria
Elettrica, Padova, via Gradenigo 6A, Italy
*Institute of Fluid Flow Machinery, Polish Academy of Sciences,
80-952 Gdansk, ul. Fiszera 14, P.O.Box 621, Poland
Abstract
No Abstract Available
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523
Removal of Toulene from Air Stream by a Pulse
Corona
Plasma Reactor
A. Chakrabarti, T.A.
Myint and J.S. Chang
Department of Engineering
Physics
McMaster University
Hamilton, Ontario, Canada L8S 4MI
A. Miziolek
U.S. Army Research Laboratory
AMSRL-WT-PC
Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD, USA
Abstract
Non-thermal plasma technologies offer an innovative approach to
the problem of decomposing various volatile organic compounds (VOCs).
We focused on pulse corona discharge plasma reactors to study
the decomposition/destruction efficiency for toluene at 80 to 2200
ppm level in dry air. The
effects of gas flow rate, concentration and reactor operating
conditions on the decomposition and analysis of reactant conversion
for toluene were investigated. The
experimental results show that destruction efficiencies of toluene
nonmonotonically depend on applied dc charging voltage, and decrease
with increasing gas flow rate, no significant O3, Nox,
N2O and CO are observed from air as discharge
by-products, and CO2 and H2O are observed to
be the final products of toluene destructions.
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529
Reduction of NOx from Natural Gas Combustion Flue
Gases by Corona Discharge Radical Injection Techniques and
Electrostatic Precipitators|
Abstract
An experimental investigation has been conducted to reduce NOx
from natural gas combustion flue gases by means of corona discharge
activated ammonia radical injection methods.
The multi-hole type corona radical injectors are used in the
present investigation. Experiments
are conducted for the simulated natural gas combustion flue gas (N2:O2:
COs
:NO = 83.996:8:8:0.004) flow rate from 1 to 200 L/min., the
activation voltage (dc or pulse) from 0 to 40 kV and the or
Nitrogen-Ammonia mixture gases (95:5) flow rate from 0 to 200 mL/min.
The results show that the NOx reduction increases
with increasing activation voltage and ammonia stoichiometry.
Trace amounts of NOs and aerosol particles are
observed as a by-product. Ultra-fine
aerosol particles collected by an electrostatic precipitator will be
discussed in detail.
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535
The Reduction of NOx and SOx from Flue Gas
Using Sub microsecond Pulsed Energization
C A J Paulson , J J Lowke and R Morrow
CSIRO .Division of Coal and Energy Technology
#CSIRO, Division of Applied Physics
Sydney, Australia
Abstract
Experimental and theoretical studies have been carried out by CSIRO
on the effects of sub-microsecond positive voltage pulses on the
reduction of sulphur and nitrogen oxides in the flue gas from two
different Australian coals. The
experiments showed that, at suitable residence times, the pulsed
system removed about 40% of the sulphur oxides (SOx) but
more than 90% of the nitrogen oxides (NOx).
It was also shown that water vapor was essential for the
removal of SOx was mainly due to OH radicals from water
vapor producing H2SO4, whilst NOx
was reduced by N atoms.
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544
Reduction of Chemical Pollutants in the Exhaust as of the
Municipal Waste Incinerator by PPCP (Pulse
Corona
Induced Plasma Chemical Process)
Akira Tamaki 1
) and Shunsuke Hosokawa2)
1) Research Center, Takuma Co., LTD.
Hyogo, JAPAN
2) Masuda Research Inc.
Tokyo, JAPAN
Abstract
No Abstract Available
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550
Removal of NOx in a DC Corona Discharge Used in Wet
Precipitators
M. Dors, 1. Mizeraczyk,1. Konieczka, T. Czech and M Rea*
Institute of Fluid Flow Machinery, Polish Academy of Sciences,
80-952 Gdansk, ul. Fiszera 14, P.O.Box 621, Poland
"Universita' degli Studi di Padova, Dipartimento di Ingegneria
Elettrica
Padova, via Gradenigo 6A, Italy
Abstract
The object of this investigation was the influence of H2O
on NO2 decomposition and production of NO and N2O
in a mixture of N2:O2:CO2:NO2
subjected to a direct current (dc) corona discharge.
The dc corona discharge was generated in a needle-to-plate
reactor. 35 positively
polarized needles were used as one electrode.
The other was a stainless steel plate covered with water
film, similarly as the collecting electrode in wet precipitators.
The time-averaged discharge current was varied from 0 to 7 mA.
It was found that the presence of H2O increases
the decomposition of NO2 and decreases the production of
NO. As a result the
concentration of NOx decreases.
The highest NO2 and NOx reduction was
observed for discharge current of 4 mA.
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555
Pulse Corona Discharge Investigations and Concept of Combined
Effluents Cleaning from Dust and Oxides
Perevodchikov V.I., Ulyanov K.N., Matveev N.V.,
Prozorov E.F., Fedorov V.V., Shapenko V.N.
All-Russian Electrotechnical Institute (VEl)
Abstract
No
Abstract Available
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562
NOx Removal Characteristics of
Corona
Radical Shower System
Toshikazu Ohkubo", Seiji Kanazawa", Yukiharu Nomoto',
Jen-Shih Chang2 and Takayoshi Adachi1
1. Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Faculty of
Engineering, Oita University, 700, Dannoharu, Oita, 870-11 Japan
2. Department of Engineering Physics, McMaster University,
Abstract
The effects of flue gas flow rate and seed gas on the corona
discharge current-voltage characteristics and NOx removal
characteristics are experimentally investigated for a Corona Radical
Shower System. The
corona discharge current-voltage characteristics have two operating
modes which have a significant influence on NOx removal
characteristics, where the threshold gas residence time of the
treatment gas in active corona discharge region is about 8.
Maximum NOx reduction rate observed under the
non-monotonic corona discharge current-voltage characteristics is
higher than that for the monotonic corona discharge current-voltage
characteristics. The
leak ammonia in exhaust gas can be significantly lowered by
optimizing the ammonia concentration in additional gas.
Maximum NOx removal rate reaches 100% for UNH3/UNO
is greater than 1.5.
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568
Effect of Non-Thermal Plasma on Carbon Dioxide
Effect of Non-Thermal Plasma on Carbon-Dioxide
Kiss E., Haj6s G., Horvath M., Nifuku M.', Sa to M.'
Dunaujvaros Polytechnic of Miskolc University, Dunaujvaros,
Hungary
'National Institute for Resources and Environment, Tsukuba, Japan
Abstract
It is well known that the
increasing concentration of carbon dioxide can result a serious
disturbance in the heat balance of Earth.
It is also know that this gas can be decomposed by electric
discharge, however it does not seem energetically feasible.
The high possibility of corona discharges along the high
voltage transmission lines can decompose this gas and in the
presence of nitrogen and oxygen other chemicals can be produced.
To investigate the
decomposition of carbon dioxide by non-thermal plasma surface
discharge, volume discharge was used.
As surface
discharge type reactor, a cylindrical type ozonizer was used with
internal diameter of 10, 20 and 30 mm and with active electrode
length of 0,6 1 and 5m. the
applied voltage was varied between 5 and 13 kV peak-to-peak
sinusoidal. The
frequency was changed in the interval of 0,5-12 kHz.
As volume discharge
reactor, a pulse energized cylindrical electrostatic precipitator
was used. The diameter
of the wire was 0,2 mm, the diameter of the cylinder was varied
between 5 and 15 cm. The
applied voltage was between -5 kV and -60 kV peak.
The repetition frequency was varied in the 10-500 Hz
interval.
The width of the
pulse could be changed from 50 nsed to 1500 nsed.
The rise was variable in the 20-500 nsec intervals.
The input gas was
pure carbon dioxide mixed with nitrogen or with air.
The concentration was varied between 100% and 1000 ppm.
The chemical analysis was made by carbondioxide analyzer,
infrared spectroscopy and gaschromatography.
The results show
that the carbon dioxide can be decomposed in the reactors. In pulse
plasma in the presence of nitrogen and no oxygen, dinitrogen oxide
can be generated which is also a greenhouse gas.
The processes which
take place in the presence of high voltage if carbon dioxide and
nitrogen oxides are non-stochiometric and resulting different
byproducts.
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574
Removal of NO from Flue and Exhaust Gases Using Non-Thermal
Plasma Technology
Kiss E., Nifuku M.', Sato M.', Horvath
M.,
Haj6s G., Jenei I., Brendel M.
Dunaujvaros Polytechnic of Miskolc University, Dunaujvaros, Hungary
'National Institute for Resources and Environment, Tsukuba, Japan
Abstract
It is well known that non-thermal
plasma technology is a powerful tool to abate hazardous pollutants
in flue and exhaust gases. The
most common representation for that technology is an electrostatic
precipitator energized by fast rising pulse.
The length of the pulse is usually shorter than 1000 nsec,
and the rise if faster than a few hundred nsec.
In order to
investigate the effect of the pulse energization on the removal
characteristics and efficiency cylindrical and rectangular
precipitators were made with central wires.
The diameter of the wire was 0.2 mm, the diameter of the
cylinder was varied between 5 and 15 cm.
The distance of the sides of the rectangular was 10 cm.
The applied voltage was between -5 kV and -80kV peak.
The repetition frequency was varied in the 10-1500Hz
interval.
The width of the
pulse could be changed from 50 nsec to 1500 nsec.
The rise was variable in the 20-500 nsec intervals.
The input gas was pure NO mixed with nitrogen or argon or
helium. The
concentration was varied between 100% and 1%.
The chemical analysis was made by FTIR, conventional IR
analyzer equipment.
The result shows
that the abatement of NO, even at 100% concentration can be
achieved, and that various kinds of nitrogen oxides can be produced
even at pure NO. the
removal efficiency was independent on the rise time in the 70-500
nsec interval, but increased by decreasing rise time below.
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580
The use of Pulsed Corona Technology to Destroy VOCs, Dioxins and
Furans at a Municipal Solid Waste Incinerator
J S Carlow, R F King and R McAdams
AEA Technology pIc
Environmental Systems and Services Department
Culham, Abingdon, Oxon. OX14 3DB UK
Abstract
No Abstract Available
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