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ICESP VI CONFERENCE PAPER ABSTRACTS AIR TOXICS SERIES

Held in Budapest, Hungary
June 18-21, 1996

The International Conference on Electrostatic Precipitation (ICESP) is the official conference of the International Society for Electrostatic Precipitation (ISESP).  

The following is a list of the Abstracts for the Air Toxics Series papers from the VI ICESP Conference.  

035 - Emission Control during Transition Periods Using an Expert Supervisory Control System
J.S. Chang, H. Thompson, P.e. Looy, A.A. Berezin (I), A. Zukeran, 
T. Ito, S. Jayaram and J.D. Cross

Abstract
An expert control system developed for intelligent control of a cement kiln precipitator, has been tested during 1994 in a cement plant.  The expert system controls the electrical energization and rapping of the precipitator and the water injection into the gas conditioning tower.

With the raw mill in operation, it is possible to obtain significant power savings.  When the raw mill is stopped, the electrical energization and the water injection are controlled by the expert system, resulting in a better precipitator performance than that obtained with the precious plant control equipment.  A brief description of the system and the obtained improvements in precipitator performance during transition periods will be presented.



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045 - Electrostatic Precipitator Combined Pulse Charging Section with Moving Electrode Section for High Resistivity Dust
Toshiaki Misaka, Akio Akasaka, Tadasi Oura,Mitsugu Hirano and 
Hiroshi AsanoHitachi Plant Engineering & 
Construction Co., Ltd. Kita-Otsuka Toshima-ku, 

Abstract
A combined type electrostatic precipitator which is composed of a pulse charging section and a moving electrode section was developed for the purpose of improving the collection efficiency of high resistivity dust.

The relationship between pulse waveforms and their collection efficiencies was studied by bench scale electrostatic precipitator tests in our laboratory.  In the case of higher resistivity fly ashes, the optimum points of discharge current, pulse voltage and pulse frequency were revealed.

The experimental results of our field tests on coal fired boiler gas showed that the migration velocity of dust on the combined type electrostatic precipitator improved with pulse energization of the inlet field, and the electric power consumption decreased with high resistivity dust.

An additional effect of the combination was that pulse energization to the inlet field of the combined type electrostatic precipitator improved the collection efficiency of the outlet field which is the moving electrode section.

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057 - Fundamental Characteristics and Collection Efficiency of a Model Precipitator
K. Asano, Y Higashiyama, K. Yatsuzuka and R. Nishimura
Department of Electrical and Information Engineering
Yamagata University

Abstract
Recently, since even at traditional machine shops, the comfortable working environment is required, it is necessary to remove oil mist or fumes from operating machines.  Portable or small electric precipitators are suitable for this purpose; however, the design technology of a large precipitator is not directly applicable to such a small or a portable precipitator.  In order to investigate the fundamental characteristics of a small precipitator, a model precipitator was constructed and examined.  The experimental results of the model precipitator were compared with the theoretical prediction of performance and revealed that the collection efficiency cannot be simply predicted from the theoretical computation of particle motion.
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063 - Back Corona Control with Help of Advanced Microprocessor Enhances Unit Performances
Hans Jacobsson, ABB Flakt Industri AB, Vaxjo, Sweden
Mats Thimansson, ABB Flakt Industri AB, Vaxjo, Sweden
Kjell Porle, ABB Flakt Industri AB, Vaxjo, Sweden
Martin Kirsten, ABB Flakt Industri AB, vasje, Sweden

Abstract
 The Electrostatic Precipitator (ESP) is worldwide the most common dust collector to clean flue gases after coal fired boilers.  A new patented concept to define back corona has been introduced which enable the microprocessor controls to energize each ESP bus section individually, automatically and continuously to optimize the voltage and current to maximize the overall collection efficiency under varying process condition.

The new concept selects current and duty cycle in intermittent energization mode, based on continuous sampling and mathematical analysis of the secondary voltage from each bus section, referenced to the corona onset voltage.  Maximal corona charging with minimized back-corona is achieved.

Software’s for altered currents during rapping and altered rapping sequences further contribute to the drastic emission reductions presented in this paper.

This paper presents the philosophy of the optimizing software’s, and reports some recent emission improvement results from operation of ESPs, mainly after PC boiler firing low-sulfur coals.


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071 - Field Testing of Acoustical Cleaning of Electrostatic PrecipitatorsHans Jacobsson, ABB Flakt Industri AB, Vaxjo, Lotte Buhl, Steen Drue and Leif Lind

Abstract
 Tests using a 20 Hz acoustic horn on a fly ash precipitator and two 125 Hz acoustic horns on a precipitator after a straw burning boiler are reported.  It seems that the infrasound did not have the expected positive effect on the dust dislodgement.  The higher frequency horns, however, revealed an unexpected positive potential.  The expectations and the experimental results are reported herein for use by others applying acoustic cleaning, for trying to confirm the results and for helping find the correct physical explanation of how the acoustic waves dislodge the dust, thus making it possible to optimize the system and the operation of acoustical cleaning.


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080 - Self Exploring ESP Rapping Optimization System
 Marian Sarna
Technical University of Lodi Branch in Bielsko Biala

Abstract
 The paper presents a new concept of continuous air-washing of inner surface of the support-brushing insulators in ESP.

The laboratory model investigation stand and anemometric sampling are described.  For comparison of modeling results an integrated “effectiveness index” has been used.  The paper includes a brief analyses of economical aspects of modernization of insulators cleaning system.

Investigations have been partially sponsored by DOLN ODRA Power Plant


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094 - Diagnostics and Control of Electrode Rapping System
 Lotte Buhl, Steen Drue and Leif Lind

Abstract
 The paper presents reliability aspects of the rapping system and gives some examples of defects observed in practice.Various possibilities of the whole system inspection are discussed: from rapping power units up to individual hammers.

In this paper are described i.e.:

-          vibrations issued from hammer strokes, their propagation and measuring possibilities in practice;

-          demands placed on the rapping system mechanical construction to assure a good access to selective vibration-based control;

-          continuous automated diagnostics of the electrode rapping in a multi chamber ESP;

-          making use of signals obtained from vibration sensors for complex control of ESP


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100 - Rigid Discharge Electrode and Wide Spacing Electrostatic Precipitators in Poland  
Lotte Buhl, Steen Drue and Leif Lind

Abstract
 The first rigid electrode (RDE) and wide spacing electrostatic precipitator (WS ESP) of indigenous design was manufactured and commissioned in Poland in June 1993.  Up to the end of 1995 there have been commissioned more than 25 installations with RDE & WS ESPs on power units with capacity up to 200 MW as well as on small district units with gas flow rate of 120 000 m3/h (ntp).  After correction of some problems – especially in the high voltage insulation and supply systems – nearly all of the ESPs operate with the designed efficiency and much below the guaranteed emission levels.

This paper describes some of the encountered problems having a negative influence on ESP performance and reliability as well as its solutions.  Some general observations and remarks have been drawn out investigating the performance of RDE & WS ESPs which are presented below.


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